Kahlil Gibran Essay -- essays research papers

Kahlil GibranInformation on the AuthorKahlil Gibran (1883-1931), a poet, philosopher, and an artist was born inLebanon, a land which has produced many prophets. The millions of Arabicspeaking people, beaten(prenominal) with his writing consider him a genius of his age.However, his fame and influence was not limited to the Near East only, but farbeyond these borders. His poetry has been translated into more than cardinallanguages. His drawings and paintings have been exhibited in the great capitalsof the world and compargond by Auguste Rodin to the work of William Blake. In theUnited States, which he made his home for the last twenty years of his life., hebegan to write in English. The Prophet and his other books of poetry,illustrated with his mystical drawings are known and loved by innumerableAmericans who find them an expression of the deepest impulses of mans vegetable marrow andmind.IntroductionThis book is one of Kahlil Gibrans masterpieces and has become a belovedclassic of this era. This book contains poetry about a prophet-called Al-Mustafa- who tells people about different subjects which are all related tosubjects in everyday life for example love, hate etc.. The book also containsa series of illustrations created by the author himself. The book is establishslightly on fiction, but the topics discussed in the poetry are all veryrealistic. If a person read the poetry today it would still be relative to thethings happening around us. The poetry is in composition form,...

Cryptography Essay -- Data Encryption

Cryptography is such a broad part of our lives we do not even get hold the smallest applications, shopping on eBay or watching satellite television. I bet you even used cryptology when you were in school and did not even have it away it. Ever write a message in numbers instead of letters? Each letter of the alphabet correlated to its number position in the alphabet. The number sequence 3,16,25,12,20,15,12,15,7,25 equals cryptology. This is a form of cryptology in its most basic form. Websters dictionary defines Cryptography as n.1.The act or art of write in code or secret characters also, secret characters, codes or works, or messages written in a secret code.2.The science which studies methods for encoding messages so that they john be read only by a person who knows the secret information required for decoding, called the key it includes cryptanalysis, the science of decoding encrypted messages without possessing the proper key, and has several early(a) branches see for exam ple steganography. 1Cryptographies main purpose is to hide messages and information. One of the earliest forms of cryptology was the rearranging of letters in messages. This was known as transportation ciphers. A cipher is a system in which plain text, usually the letters, are transposed or substituted according to a predetermined code. Another early form of cryptography was the substitution of letters. One cipher was named after Julius Caesar who was said to have used a 3 letter shift. This involved substituting a letter with another(prenominal) letter in the alphabet three positions away. Caesar used this method to communicate with his generals in wartimes. 2 Cryptography tries to protect the confidential nature in the communications of forces leaders ... ...to keep secret.References1. http//www.webster-dictionary.net/d.aspx?w=Cryptography2. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography3.Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible, James D G Dunn, John W Rogerson, eds., Wm. B. Eerdmans Publish ing, 2003, ISBN 0-8028-3711-54.Kama Sutra, Sir Richard F. Burton, translator, Part I, Chapter III, 44th and forty-fifth arts.5.David Kahn, The Codebreakers, 1967, ISBN 0-684-83130-9.6.http//www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/nsa/stories/crypto.history/7.Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman, New Directions in Cryptography, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. IT-22, Nov. 1976, pp 644-654.8.http//www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SSL.html9.http//computing-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/TCP%2FIP+port 10.http//news.com.com/FAQ+Sonys+rootkit+CDs/2100-1029_3-5946760.html?tag=nl11.http//www.rsasecurity.com/node.asp?id=1158

Copyright Laws in India Essay -- Technology Computers Essays

Copyright Laws in IndiaThis document is intended to give a brief overview of the patent and copyrights laws in India and a brief analysis on global issues related to these laws. India has progressed enormously in the field of technology and is ranked tenth in the pool of scientific and expert personnel in the world. in that location may be hundreds of economical, legal, ethical issues that might have global impact but discussing all of them here is almost impossible. Only the key issues are think in this paper. India is quickly growing as leading world software producer. It has occupied a secured tooshie in information technology arena by producing high quality software crossways and software professionals. India also has a fairly well developed system of infrastructure facilities like power, transport, communication and banking. Government of India has of late adopted an increasing liberal approach towards joint venture and import of technology. The country has also revised it s patents Acts after a number of foreign companies brought case against local firms for breach of patents. While computer programs are not currently patentable in India, the country is not without software protection. The Indian Copyright Law explicitly defines the software as a literary work, which can be protected. The statute gives the Indian Central Govt. power to extent copyright protection to foreign whole shebang if needed. With the protective necessary statute in place, India has only to enforce them. Enforcement in India, as in Mexico, indeed seems to be weak spot in arrogant intellectual property. We will discuss the details of patens and copyrights issues of India in following sections of this paper. Overview of Patent laws in India The Indian Patent Law does not contain any supererogatoryized provision regarding the protection of computer programs. Computer programs are not patentable per se, however a claim to a manner of manufacture, which results in a tangible pr oduct that requires the application of an algorithm or a particular computer program, may be patentable. Under Section 3(k) of the Patents (Second Amendment) Bill 1999, a mathematical or a business method or a computer program or algorithms is not a patentable invention. It appears that computer programs capable of bringing about a technical effect might be allowed, in pursuant to the recommendations made by the... ... of the program to be free software as well.) would prohibit it. Conclusion computer software is special . Neither it can be compared to a copyrighted novel nor to a hardware or machinery. Software should be considered as a special case as it forms a unique nexus between the intangible world of abstract concepts and the concrete world of machinery. New discoveries and inventions are taking place everyday in this field. As we discussed above, in that respect are many ethical issues if we protect the software as any other engineering process and there are many issues if we do not protect them. Being a responsible software engineer, I believe that software should be considered as a separate entity (different from other engineering processes or literary work) and new laws should be defined only applicable to software. References i. The patent and copyrights law in India, http//www.singhania.com/ip/contents.html ii. The peril of Software Patents - by Richard M. Stallman, http//www.gnu.org/philosophy/stallman-mec-india.html iii. Philosophies of Free Software and Intellectual Property - by Brett Watson, http//www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp/free-software-philosophy.html

Essay --

Modernization is define as the positive con nonation used to changing society through bringing technologies, productions, and damp streamer of living for the process of development. Modernization system was first emerged in Europe in the seventeenth century and has more or less lick most(prenominal) of the countries became ultramodernized through using appropriate and suitable form of modernization theories in their hoidenish. An example of countries that render applied well modernization theory and pitch succeed in achieving modernization is Turkey, however Afghanistan the country that have fai conduct in processing modernization during reign of King Amanullah khan. This paper will depute to propose comparative analysis of state building and modernization in Afghanistan during King Amanullah Khan Regime and Turkey during Mustafa Kamal Ataturk. It will focus on vitrine and subject relation between different features of both countries such as, societal structure, geo-pol itical position, and socio-economic as cause and political development as an effect that led to disappointment of modernization in Afghanistan and prosperity and success in turkey.Historical Background of AfghanistanAfghanistan is a multi-ethnic society within an olden history started from 3000 B.C. It is a landlocked country which has been considered as an entryway or coli door for most of the invaders through history. Afghanistan as a country come to an existence in 1747 by Ahmad Shah Durani who led the ass of first Durani Empire. Ahmad Shah was able to bring together different people from different ethnic groups to work as a one nation. Afghanistan as a modern state come to existence in the 19th century whereas this was the time when other countries in Asia, Africa, and Middle East w... ...started modernization process he confront opposition from a large number of uneducated people. Since he could not built schools or education institutions due to lack of luxury, people did no t have the ability to understand and analyze his processes and became against him. Harrison has mentioned four stages of Barrington Moores theory of modernization the book of the sociology of modernization and Development. According to Barrington the first theory is innate evolutionary mode, the second is conservative modernization. Third one is evolutionary modernization, and the last theory is industrialization by formal and informal colonization. If we curb the mentioned theories inAmanullahs reforms the second one buns be perfectly applicable, since Amanullah khan used led state modernization from top to down which can apparent cause the society to upraise against it Essay -- Modernization is define as the positive connotation used to changing society through bringing technologies, productions, and better standard of living for the process of development. Modernization theory was first emerged in Europe in the seventeenth century and has more or less influen ce Most of the countries became modernized through using appropriate and suitable form of modernization theories in their country. An example of countries that have applied well modernization theory and have succeed in achieving modernization is Turkey, however Afghanistan the country that have failed in processing modernization during reign of King Amanullah khan. This paper will intend to provide comparative analysis of state building and modernization in Afghanistan during King Amanullah Khan Regime and Turkey during Mustafa Kamal Ataturk. It will focus on cause and effect relation between different features of both countries such as, societal structure, geo-political position, and socio-economic as cause and political development as an effect that led to failure of modernization in Afghanistan and prosperity and success in turkey.Historical Background of AfghanistanAfghanistan is a multi-ethnic society within an olden history started from 3000 B.C. It is a landlocked country whi ch has been considered as an entryway or coli door for most of the invaders through history. Afghanistan as a country come to an existence in 1747 by Ahmad Shah Durani who led the foundation of first Durani Empire. Ahmad Shah was able to bring together different people from different ethnic groups to work as a one nation. Afghanistan as a modern state come to existence in the 19th century whereas this was the time when other countries in Asia, Africa, and Middle East w... ...started modernization process he faced opposition from a large number of uneducated people. Since he could not built schools or education institutions due to lack of luxury, people did not have the ability to understand and analyze his processes and became against him. Harrison has mentioned four stages of Barrington Moores theory of modernization the book of the sociology of modernization and Development. According to Barrington the first theory is Organic Evolutionary mode, the second is conservative moderniz ation. Third one is evolutionary modernization, and the last theory is industrialization by formal and informal colonization. If we apply the mentioned theories inAmanullahs reforms the second one can be perfectly applicable, since Amanullah khan used led state modernization from top to down which can likely cause the society to upraise against it

Essay on Language, Imagery, and Symbolism in To Be of Use

Use of Language, Imagery, and Symbolism to Develop the Theme of To Be of Use In the minds of most people, the words, hard work and heavy labor incline a negative connotation. What these words imply is not something that is generally welcomed with enthusiasm but is often accepted either by force or obligation. oleo Piercys poem To Be of Use conveys an opposing connotation about the idea of work. The central theme of the poem is that satisfaction, gratification, and self-fulfillment can be attained by using ones capabilities to serve a functional purpose in life, for it is the opinion of the speaker that an idle existence has no value or significance because it is worthless, vain, futile, and pointless. Piercy uses extended language, imagery, symbolism, description, and details to develop this theme throughout the poem. Piercy begins developing the theme in the premier(prenominal) stanza by describing The type of people she loves the best (1). Piercy states that they jump into wo rk head first/without dallying in the shallows... (2-3). With this imagery Piercy reveals that she admires individuals who are not afraid of work rather, they tackle their jobs head first/without dallying ( ) in other words, they are not lazy and do not delay or procrastinate the completion of their duties. Piercy adds that the people she regards highly ... swim off with sure strokes almost out of sight (4). With this image Piercy indicates that these love individuals work with so much confidence and diligence that often they become so busy that their work puts distance between them and those with whom they associate or live. Further, Piercy declares that They await to become natives of that element, / ... ... the fruits of a persons hard labor will linger to give honor to their memory after their death. However, Piercy adds that they were made to be used to indicate that this wont be the case if a persons labor is not the fruitful productive type. Piercy concludes by stating tha t The pitcher cries for water to carry and a person for work that is real (25-26). With this poetic language Piercy develops the theme by affirming that people need to be willing to work hard in order to reach the satisfaction of accomplishing something that is meaningful in their lives. In her poem, Piercy developed the theme of success through active participation in hard work through her use of language. Works Cited Piercy, Marge. To Be of Use. Responding to Literature. second ed. Ed. Judith A. Stanford. Mountain View, CA Mayfield Publishing Company, 1996. 596.

Essay on Language, Imagery, and Symbolism in To Be of Use

drill of Language, Imagery, and Symbolism to Develop the Theme of To Be of Use In the minds of most people, the words, hard campaign and heavy labor carry a negative connotation. What these words imply is not something that is generally welcomed with enthusiasm but is often accepted either by force or obligation. Marge Piercys poem To Be of Use conveys an opposing connotation about the idea of work. The telephone exchange theme of the poem is that satisfaction, gratification, and self-fulfillment can be attained by using ones capabilities to serve a functional purpose in life, for it is the opinion of the vocaliser that an idle existence has no value or significance because it is worthless, vain, futile, and pointless. Piercy uses figurative language, imagery, symbolism, description, and details to develop this theme throughout the poem. Piercy begins developing the theme in the beginning stanza by describing The type of people she loves the best (1). Piercy states that they jump into work stop first/without dallying in the shallows... (2-3). With this imagery Piercy reveals that she admires individuals who are not afraid of work rather, they tackle their jobs head first/without dallying ( ) in other words, they are not lazy and do not delay or procrastinate the completion of their duties. Piercy adds that the people she regards highly ... drift off with sure strokes almost out of sight (4). With this image Piercy indicates that these adored individuals work with so much confidence and diligence that often they become so busy that their work puts distance between them and those with whom they associate or live. Further, Piercy declares that They seem to become natives of that element, / ... ... the fruits of a persons hard labor will linger to give remark to their memory after their death. However, Piercy adds that they were made to be used to indicate that this wont be the case if a persons labor is not the fruitful productive type. Piercy conclude s by stating that The hummock cries for water to carry and a person for work that is real (25-26). With this figurative language Piercy develops the theme by affirming that people need to be willing to work hard in order to reach the satisfaction of accomplishing something that is meaningful in their lives. In her poem, Piercy developed the theme of success through active participation in hard work through her use of language. Works Cited Piercy, Marge. To Be of Use. Responding to Literature. 2nd ed. Ed. Judith A. Stanford. Mountain View, CA Mayfield Publishing Company, 1996. 596.

The Effects of Baby Boomers on Social Security and Healthcare

Expected Lifetime Costs of Significant Aging Shocks for a 65-Year-Old Today Population Needing Long-term bid If we also look at another issue as to why semipermanent care could be a large burden is the rapid pompousness in expenditures for long-term care in recent years. Medicare and Medicaid expenditures on nursing home care were $9 one thousand thousand in 1980, more than doubling to $25 billion by 1990, and doubling again to $54 billion by 1999. Likewise, Medicare and Medicaid expenditures on home health care increased from less than $1 billion in 1980 to $5 billion in 1990 and to $16. billion in 1999, down from a high of $17 billion in 1996 (Health Care Financing judicial dodge 2000 Heffler et al. 2001). With this we can also see that out of pocket expenses have not been lowered at all either. Also there is a concern active long-term care costs that comes from a report by Curran, McLanahan, and Knab (in review) it suggest that children who experience divorce may be less wil ling or adequate to care for their aging parents.Their data indicate that the probability of an elderly person perceiving an availability of emotional support from his or her children is reduced from 71 percent for those who marry once and remain married to 56 percent for those who many and divorce. Which would make these elderly Baby Boomers more apt to have to depend on social Security or some sort of governmental supplement? drawframe There remain some substantial challenges to getting ready to pair the long-term care needs of Baby Boomers.Basically there are four areas of concerns that need to be focused on Creating a finance system for long-term care that works Building a viable and affordable community-based delivery system Investing in healthy aging in collection to achieve lower disability rates, and Recharging the concept of family and the value of seniors in American culture. There are four sources of payments currently finance long-term care run for the elderly Medi care, Medicaid, private insurance, and out-of-pocket payments.The federal Medicare program pays for approximately 24 percent of all long-term care costs (Congressional Budget Office 1999). In principle, Medicare does not cover custodial long-term care, but rehabilitation care. The federal/state Medicaid program is probably the most important player in the long-term care financing system. Medicare may if you will, be considered as a back up to the Medicaid program. Basically what Medicare does is help pay for the eldest and more serious conditions in the elderly who are in a situation that they have little to no money.

Balanced Scorecard Study – Samsung

Kashun Davis TMAN 680 Fall 2012 match Scorecard Samsung Samsung is the technology-based organization that will be the subject for my Balanced Scorecard. Founded in 1938 in Seoul, S awayh Korea, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. engages in the manufacture, distribution, and sale of finished electronic products and device solutions worldwide. They offer consumer products, including mobile phones, tablets, televisions, Blu-rays, DVD players, home theaters, multimedia players home appliances, such as refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, etc Laptops and personal computers.The company also designs and manufactures integrated circuits for digital information storage in consumer electronics. It has operations in Korea, U. S. , Europe, Asia, Africa, Africa and China. Because of the large coat of the Samsung Corporation, I will focus on Samsung smartphones, one of their technology-intensive business units. The vision of Samsung Samsung is dedicated to developing innovative technolo gies and efficient processes that create new grocerys, enrich peoples lives, and go on to make Samsung a digital leader. Their mission statement, At Samsung, we follow a simple business philosophy to devote our talent and technology to creating superior products and service that contribute to a erupt global society. Samsungs net sales have risen from 158. 9 billion in 2007 to 220. 1 billion in 2011. Their total assets grew from 280. 8 billion in 2007 to 343. 7 billion in 2011. Unfortunately their total liabilities went from 181. 7 billion in 2007 to 202. 6 billion in 2011. stockholders equity almost doubled from 80. billion in 2007 to 141. 1 billion in 2011. Samsungs net income also increased from 12. 9 billion in 2007 to 21. 2 billion in 2011. Its also not strange to see their employee base increase due to their explosive exploitation over this five-year time span. They had 254,000 employees in 2007 and now have over 344,000 employees in 2011 ( most Samsung, 2010). Their electr onics division has 190,500 employees at the end of 2011. With respect to the Smartphone business unit out of the 1. billion mobile phones sold worldwide in 2011, Samsung accounted for 330 million of those units. Their Galaxy S II sold more than 20 million units since its launch in 2011. In 2012, Samsung launched the Galaxy S III and expects to strengthen their brand and increase market share in the mobile phone arena (About Samsung, 2010). The fit scorecard is defined as a management system that maps an organizations strategic objectives into performance metrics in four perspectives pecuniary, internal processes, customers, and acquirement and growth (NetMBA, 2002).The four perspectives mentioned above construct the balanced scorecard framework. To create a balanced scorecard for Samsungs Smartphone business division this framework has to be applied. First, I will assess the mission, vision, challenges, and partners of the company. The vision of Samsung Samsung is dedicated to de veloping innovative technologies and efficient processes that create new markets, enrich peoples lives, and continue to make Samsung a digital leader. Their mission statement, At Samsung, we follow a simple business philosophy to devote our talent and technology to creating superior products and services that contribute to a better global society. Samsung not only makes smartphones, but they also create components like displays and integrated circuits that also go into competitors smartphones, such as orchard apple trees iPhone. Samsungs competitors in the mobile phone market are Apple, Microsoft, Google, HTC, Nokia, and Blackberry. Samsung doesnt make their protest proprietary software and hardware as Apple, Google, and Blackberry.Samsung whole uses Googles Android Mobile OS for their phones. Another challenge Samsung faces, is that their mobile phones are not only in competition with other phones that have diametrical software platforms, but they are in even stiffer competition with other phones that also use Googles Android Mobile OS. This market in itself is real fragmented from the fact that more than 4,000 distinct smartphone models exist that uses the Android operating system (Valazco, 2012). Fortunately for Samsung they command 25. % of the smartphone manufacture market putting them on top. LG, Apple, Motorola, and HTC own 18. 4%, 16. 3%, 11. 2%, and 6. 4% of the smartphone manufacture market respectively (comscore reports July, 2012). With respect to the balanced scorecard framework, a strategy map will promote with connecting the four perspectives and how they relate to each other. The strategic measures elect for the Learning & Growth billet were chosen based on information listed in the Samsungs yearbook report. Samsungs employees have grown over the past few years. Samsungs social etwork presence is currently greater than their competitors, but there is always dwell for improvement. Samsung invested $8B USD in R&D, which this funnels down to organizational capital and training from their competitors. With respect to the Internal Process Perspective $8B USD were invested into R&D for innovation. Customer Satisfaction is neer perfect in any organization, thus leaving room for improvement. Not to mention customer satisfaction can translate into sales. effment of operations was chosen because process improvement is always needed in an organization.The customer perspective measurements are strengthening the brand, gaining OEM market share, and exceeding customer expectations. All of these links to financial success within the organization, thus focusing on these measures is vital to the growth Samsung expects to see in the future. Stockholder equity, net sales, and net income all affect the customer, internal, and learning & growth perspective measures and vice versa. This provides a top to bottom and bottom to top flow balanced measures. Learning & Growth Perspective target banner Target InitiativeGrow Human Capital Of Employees in Samsung Electronics Division 200,000 employees Aggressive Recruitment and Retention Program Improve Information Capital amicable Networking Effectiveness 6 Million Twitter Followers 40 Million Facebook Likes Aggressive & Interactive Social Networking Campaign Build Organizational Capital Submittal of Employee Ideas 5,000 Employee Ideas Submitted charter Organizational Learning Study of Samsung Mobile Division (Amiri, 2010) Learn from our Competitors Mobile OEM Market Share append Mobile OEM Market Share by 20% Analyze competitors customer base and meet the postulate of that customer base through innovative mobile technology Internal Process Perspective Objective Measure Target Initiative Manage Innovations Successful Research & Development Projects duplicate R&D Projects Allocate more capital to R&D projects and their implementation Manage Customer Relations Customer Satisfaction Double and Sustain Customer Satisfaction scores Aggressive ustomer service train ing for employees Manage Operations Value Added & Non-Value Added Operations Increase Value Added Operations and Reduce/eliminate non-value added operations Lean Six-Sigma Process Improvement Initiative (Qun, 2012) Customer Perspective Objective Measure Target Initiative Strengthen Samsung Smartphone Brand Market Share Increase Market Share Aggressive Marketing Campaign net profit Smartphone OEM Market Share OEM Market Share Increase Mobile OEM Market Share by 20% Analyze competitors customer base and meet the needs of that customer base through innovative mobile technology Exceeding customer needs and expectations Customer Satisfaction Scores Customer Retention Double Customer satisfaction scores & retention Customer Loyalty & Rewards Program Customer Perspective Objective Measure Target InitiativeIncrease Stockholder Equity Stock Price Increase from $489/share to $510/share Increase Market Share Increase Net Sales Net Sales Increase from 135B to 170B Aggressive Marketing Campa ign Increase Net Income Net Income Increase by 15% Make Operations Efficient and reducing costs Sources About Samsung. (2010). Retrieved from http//www. samsung. com/us/aboutsamsung/corporateprofile/ourperformance/samsungprofile. html Amiri, A. , Jandghi, G. , Alvani, S. , Hosnavi, R. , & Ramezan, M. (2010). Increasing the Intellectual Capital in Organization Examining the Role of Organizational Learning. European Journal Of Social Science,14(1/2), 98-108. comscore reports July 2012 U. S. mobile subscriber market share. (2012, Sept 04). Retrieved from http//www. comscore. com/Insights/Press_Releases/2012/9/comScore_Reports_July_2012_US_Mobile_Subscriber_Market_Share NetMBA. (2002). Netmba business knowledge center.Retrieved from http//www. netmba. com/accounting/mgmt/balanced-scorecard/ Samsung Group. (2011). Samsung profile 2011. Retrieved from http//www. samsung. com/us/aboutsamsung/corporateprofile/download/Samsung_Profile_2011-EN-final-revise. pdf Qun, Z. , Irfan, M. , Khattak, M. , Abbas, J. , Xiaoning, Z. , & Shah, M. (2012). CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR SUCCESSFUL LEAN SIX SIGMA IMPLEMENTATION IN PAKISTAN. Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business,4(1), 117-124. Valazco, C. (2012, May 15). Techcrunch. Retrieved from http//techcrunch. com/2012/05/15/3997-models-android-fragmentation-as-seen-by-the-developers-of-opensignalmaps/

Internet Library Research Essay

The library is one of the beat out places wherein pupils can gather information for their assignments and re frontes. Libraries contain thousands of books that vary in subjects such as mathematics, sciences, arts, languages, and literature. In addition, it also provides students with other types of resources including periodicals, maps, CD-ROMs, and even the Internet. To say, therefore, that libraries are important in a students life is an understatement. As such, schools should make sure that students arouse constant access to the libraries even while at home.The North profound University is one of the many schools in the country that offers online access to its library. Students are subject to search for resources that they conduct to complete their works even while not at the campus. They can talk to a bibliothec if they wish to. They can refer to guides if they take difficulty in using the online library or if they are confused in the writing process and cannot finish thei r research. The best feature of the universitys website is the abundance of resources it can provide for its students because of the numerous databases that it can access.The login page of the university is simple in that it does not require the students to search the page just to be able to log in properly. The login page also has options for first time users who have no account yet, for students who have forgotten their passphrase, and for those who need to reset their passphrases. An option to remember the user is also available on the page. The login button will take the student to the main page of the universitys website, which is the Learner Portal. Here, the student will be able to view his or her messages, announcements, and important events through the calendar.The portal has links to several other features, which embroil the library, writing center, and university documents. Clicking on the link for the library will postulate the student to the main page of the North Central University online library. There are several options available for students in this area. One can ask a librarian about the availability of certain books. Students can search multiple databases for scholarly references. There are also guides in which students can refer themselves to if they have a hard time writing their researches.To perform a search that will yield scholarly references, students must click the NCU databases link and select their choice of database from here. The databases include EBSCOhost, LexisNexis Academic, ProQuest, and Sage. The database chosen for this activity was ProQuest, and the topic that searched was ethical leadership in the 21st century. Before performing the search however, there was an instruction to select the option Database selected so that the students will have the opportunity to select tho the databases that are relevant to the search.The pre-determined databases include Career and Technical Education, Dissertations and Theses, Pro Quest Computing, ProQuest Education Journals, and Research Library. The results of the search yielded seven documents from which only three were relevant. Among these three, only ii was able to give full access to the document. The subjects that these documents fell under include counseling, organization behavior, anthropology, business ethics, psychiatry, and information science. Of these, only two were relevant to the topic being searched.The chosen citation reviewed was the one with the latest date of publication entitled The Ethical Grounding to 21st atomic number 6 open Leadership. There was a little difficulty experienced while searching for the antecedent link because the document was full-text PDF format, which does not contain any links to the author. This was resolve by clicking the option to view the abstract of the document where the authors name was hyperlinked to his other works. This particular document had two authors. Clicking the link for the first author (Ni el R.Vance) gave five documents and only one was related to the original document because it discussed applied ethics. The second author (Brett V. Trani) did not have any other work diversion from this document. Because there were only three relevant documents related to the search terms, another search was performed. This time, the word 21st was replaced with twenty first. This yielded five results, two of which were relevant. The ProQuest database is user orient in that it provides a help oneself link for people to find ways to enhance their search process.At the beginning of the search, the Help option eitherows students to learn how to better their search. Students will learn how to limit their searches or exclude other options to refine their search. This would lead to better results and would take the students less effort when searching for their resources. Another Help link is also available after a search is completed. This will teach students how to read and mark a doc ument, cite the document properly, and filter or sort the results. The database can also suggest topics and publications that are related to the students keywords.Overall, ProQuest excels in trying to provide scholarly and useful resources for the students of North Central University. The results were very relevant and close to the terms that were used to search the database. There were many helpful hints throughout the website for students to use so that they can experience the best while searching. These tips were also significant because the students are able to apply them in their papers, which would mean that they would commit fewer errors in their works.There was also an option for students to netmail a specific article if they want to share what they have found in their search. The references that the document used can also be viewed by the student to see if there are relevant information that can be used for his or her work. The experience provided new insights in performin g searches. Although it was relatively easy, students need to know some tricks to yield better results like changing some keywords or using the suggested topics that the database provides. There is no doubt that technology has a pornographic impact on everyones lives nowadays.Educational institutions have to keep up with the changing of times to meet the needs of their students even if it means having to set up websites and online libraries, and acquiring huge databases for their students. Online libraries are important because this would provide students reliable sources for their papers. This is in contrast to Internet articles that are freely available on the World childlike Web but are sometimes misleading and are questionable in terms of the content and the authority of the person who wrote it.While not all that can be found on the Internet is unreliable, it is better for students to not take the risk, especially if it is their grades that are on the line. Only trusted inform ation should be used when doing academic research papers unless otherwise indicated by professors and instructors. It is essential to mention that students need to learn how to fleck reliable sources from those that cannot be trusted. They should learn how to distinguish if a website has the requirements for it to be considered reliable.References Bahaudin G Mujtaba, Carol Griffin, Cuneyt Oskal. (2004). Emerging Ethical Issues in Technology and Countermeasures for Management and Leadership Consideration in the Twenty First Centurys Competitive Environment of Global Interdependence. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 9(3), 34-55. Retrieved April 3, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID 1178660741). Kanungo, Rabindra N. (1998). Leadership in organizations looking ahead to the 21st century. Canadian Psychology, 39(1/2), 71.Retrieved April 3, 2009, from ProQuest Psychology Journals database. (Document ID 390882341). M. Fleckenstein, Mary Maury, S. M. Patr ick Primeaux, Patricia Werhane. (2006). Ethical Leadership in 21st Century Corporate America. Journal of air Ethics, 66(2-3), 145-146. Retrieved April 3, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID 1113480671). Neil R Vance, Brett V Trani. (2008). THE honourable GROUNDING TO 21st CENTURY PUBLIC LEADERSHIP. International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior, 11(3), 372-380.Retrieved April 3, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID 1536919851). Rost, Joseph C. (1995). Leadership A discussion about ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 5(1), 129. Retrieved April 3, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID 4596738). Vivienne Collinson. (2008). Leading by learning new directions in the twenty-first century. Journal of Educational Administration, 46(4), 443-460. Retrieved April 3, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID 1506286921).

Cherokee Indians Essay

The pronounce Cherokee is believed to vex evolved from a Choctaw word meaning Cave masses. It was picked up and used by Europeans and eventu everyy accepted the choose by Cherokees in the appoint of Tsalagi or Jalagi. Traditionally, the people instantly known as Cherokee refer to themselves as aniyun-wiya, a name usually translated as the Real People sometimes the Original People. Cherokees have had a democratic governing body (Conley, Robert J. 2000).The Cherokees first experience with the invading white man was almost certainly a picture encounter with the deadly expeditionary force of Spanish explorer Hernando DeSoto in 1540. English colonial traders began to appear among the Cherokees around 1673. Such interactions produced some mixed marriages, usually between a white trader and a Cherokee woman. There were three main events during the 18th and 19th centuries war with the colonist in 1711 epidemics of European illness (primarily smallpox) and the continual cession of land in 1775.The Cherokees were forced to sign iodine treaty after another with the new(a) United States government, each one big away more land to the new nation. In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson planned to move all eastern Indians to a location west of the multiple sclerosis River, and signed an agreement with the state of Georgia promising to accomplish that deed as soon as possible. Andrew Jackson actually set the so-called removal Process in motion.Meantime the government had been oing e very(prenominal)thing in its power to convince Cherokees to move west voluntarily, and the first to do so were the faction known as Chickamaugans (Conley, Robert J. 2000). The history and traditions of the Cherokee Indians of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries are inextricably linked to the history and traditions of the white greyers. Many facets of Cherokee lifestyle and other Indian tribes in the Southern United States were special and adapted from white methodology. Aspects of those cultural features were rooted in Pre-Columbian traditions.The Celtic culture of people who colonized the Southern United States and the cultures charcterictics were the throttle valve of what was arguably the most pivotal event in American History, the War Between the States. Many respected scholars have argued that the Ante-bellum south was different than the north, in its lifestyles, philosophies, and more. The gray states and their populations were undeniably different in nearly every socioeconomic and political aspect from the northern states and their respective populations.The destinies of the white southerners and Indian were connected in many an(prenominal) ways. They had a number of common interests, traditions, ideals and goals. Some of these similarities were chance others were due to an intimate relationship developed over centuries of close contact, a relationship created by the combat-ready elements in the Cherokees new familiarity with their white neighbors and t heir culture (Bullard, F. B. 1989). The Cherokee removeed some practices willingly, others were forced upon them and some were already in place in some form in their traditional culture.Charles Hudson speculates in his work that the Cherokee and other tribes adopted the measures of civilization in acquiescence to the inability of the Cherokee to compete militarily with the white populous. The Cherokee and other tribes had adopted the techniques and social concepts of white civilization long before they were encouraged to do so by whites and their military intimidation. For the Indian, all white men were a brat to their traditions and cultural tenets. Use of a caste form was a part of the Cherokees social structures before contacts with whites.The white south created its own social caste system with white planters as the aristocracy and the African slave at the peon (Bullard, F. B. 1989). The colonists who settled in the south were different than their counterparts in the North. T he main heritage of the southern colonists was the Celtic in contrast to the English heritage of the colonists who settled in the north. The Celtic heritage these southerner colonists brought to North America from Europe had a profound return on their folkways as well as influencing their Indian neighbors.Traditional Cherokee lands had incorporated ass of Kentucky, much of Tennessee, Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, North Carolina and a small part of Virginia and what is now West Virginia. The spatial proximity was one reason for the development of an identity with the Southern colonist and their institutions and traditions (Bullard, F. B. 1989). Indian agent for the United States, George Butler, commented that he felt the bulk of the material progress in the Indian Territory was a result of slavery. The age of masters measured in the distribution in slaves provides evidence for the upward(a) mobility of slavery for the Cherokee.The principal difference from the white south was th e treatment of slaves in the Cherokee Nation. The Cherokee avoided mistreatment of the slaves and Major Ridges wife Susanna would not even use the word slave. There are many indications that the Cherokee treated their slaves comparatively well, one former slave of Martin Vann, commented that they the slaves had to be feed well, clothed well, and housed well to get the crush labor attainable from them (Bullard, F. B. 1989). The most common agents of change among the Cherokee lifestyle were resident traders, missionaries and government agents.The Cherokee Indians modified their traditions for many reasons, among these reasons were to placate white politicians and land grabbers and reinforce the federal government policies, philanthropists who wanted to civilize them and most important of all voluntary adaptation in an effort to preserve at least some government policies (Bullard, F. B. 1989). Cherokee Indians religion It would be a mistake to see these two Cherokee spirit worlds as heaven and hell. They are not defined as good and evil, although the one below is seen as tremendously chaotic.They are thought of simply as being opposed to one another. We live our lives between them in a aeonian state of precarious balance. This dangerous situation, although the most important aspect of life in this traditional Cherokee view is to maintain balance and harmony. If the Cherokees are Christian, they might be Methodist, Presbyterian, Unitarian, or other Christian denomination. Although the more traditional Cherokees is a large group of Cherokee Baptists. Cherokee Baptists attend what are called Indian churches, where they make use of the Cherokee language (Conley, Robert, J. 2000).Cherokee Indian tribes were one of the largest of five Native American tribes who settled in American Southeast portion of the country. The tribe came from the Iroquoian descent. The Cherokees actually lived in cabins made of logs instead of the uninventive tee pee. Very strong tribe with several smaller sections, all lead by nouss. This tribe was highly religious and spiritual. Around the 1800s the Cherokee Indians began to adopt the culture that the white man brought to them. At this time they began to dress more European, and adopted many of their farming and building methods. In 1828 gold was discovered on the Cherokees land.This prompted the overtaking of their homes, and was forced out. They had been settled in Georgia for many years, but now they were being made to leave and find a new place to settle/live. This was the historically popular Trail of Tears, where men, women, and children had to pack up their belongings and find new homes, and marching a span of thousands of miles. Todays Cherokees have a strong sense of pride in their heritage (Indians. org 2011). A Historical person during this time Was John Ross in which became principal chief of the Cherokee nation. In 1827, following the establishment of a government modeled on that of the United States.H e presided over the nation during the apex of its development in the Southeast, the tragic Trail of Tears, and the subsequent rebuilding of the nation in Indian Territory, in present day. Accompanying his people on the trail where they cried, Ross experienced personal tragedy. His wife, Quatie, died of flick after giving her only blanket to a sick child. Once in Indian Territory, Ross led the effort to establish farms, businesses, schools, and even colleges. Even though the Cherokee Nation was torn apart politically after the fight over the removal treaty, Ross clung to reins of power (Moulton, Gary E. 004).In conclusion, Although Cherokee Indians were a very diverse tribe and had very many different talents. They were very spitural and worshiped only one spirit and that was good spirit, and eventually followed christanity. Trail of Tears was a very emotional time for all Cherokee Indians the time when they were forced out and were here before anyone ever settled America. This time for Men, Women, and Children was a shame. My grand dad always take for granted what you have cause someone can take it away in an instant as they did to the Indians.

Chapter 4 questions Essay

1. How do relative ethics compare to universal honourable standards? Should ethics ever be relative? pass on a rationale for your response. Ethics are a set of beliefs about chasten and wrong, good and bad. Universal ethical standards are norms that apply to any pile across a broad spectrum. These six core values being trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring, and citizenship. Ethics should never be relative because their ethical standards shift depending on the placement and how it relates to them. This kind of two-face echoing is dangerous because it nates help people rationalize bigger and bigger ethical deviations.2. What is an ethical dilemma? Give 3 examples of ethical dilemmas that contributeers or managers might face in a business setting. An ethical dilemma is a decision that involves a conflict of values every authority course of action has some of import negative consequences. Some examples of ethical dilemmas could be Noticing an employee stea ling from the company, Employees bending the rules of the company, or a supervisor demanding that you do something illegal. 3. contrast the role of the individual and the role of the organization in ethical decision making. How can business promote an ethical climate? As an individual you result have factors that come into play as you face ethical dilemmas.Your personal needs, your family, your culture, your religion, and your personality traits like self-esteem, self-confidence, independence, and sense of humor all play a significant role. As an organization the CEOs, and managers must communicate their personal commitment to high ethical standards and consistently drive the message down to employees through their actions. Business can promote an ethical climate by setting the best example for the employees. Communication will help promote an ethical climate, as well as enforcing consequences for violations of the ethics policy.4. When might the need for social responsibility con flict with the need to maximize profits? When the needs conflict, how should a firm decide whichpath to attend? Social responsibility is the obligation of a business to contribute to society. A companys goal is to make profits and without company profits opposite contributions are impossible. A company can prefer to make no contribution, a responsive contribution, or a proactive contribution depending on the businesses values, mission, resources, concern philosophy, and ultimately its position on social responsibility.5. Do you believe that employers should reply to employee needs for work-life balance? Why or why not? What are the trade-offs? Yes, employers should respond to employee needs for work life balance. It creates a workplace environment that respects the dignity and value of each employee. It ensures that hard work, commitment, and talent pay off. It moves beyond stripped-down safety requirements to establish proactive protections. The best employees respond to the ongoing employee search for balance between work and personal life. The employees will work harder for the company and accompaniment longer term jobs. People will appreciate the extra mile the company goes for its employees, giving you more highly qualified applicants to choose from.6. What are the 4 consumer rights originally outlined by President Kennedy in the early 1960s? How would you rank those rights in terms of importance? Why? The four consumer rights are The right to be safe, the right to be informed, the right to choose, and the right to be heard. I rank these in importance as follows1- The right to be safe (I gullt want to be hurt or lose my life due to faulty products.) 2- The right to choose (I want to be able to choose where and when I purchase products to best suit the needs of my family.) 3- The right to be informed (It is important to me that I know the companies I deal with are legit and ethical, as well as what goes into the products I buy.) 4- The right to be heard (I think it is important to be able to express your complaints to a company and that they learn from customer experiences.)7. Define the concept of planned obsolescence. Is this strategy ethically unsound? Why or Why not?Planned obsolescence is the strategy of deliberately designing products to collapse in order to shorten the time between purchases. This strategy is ethically unsound because it thins the consumer wallets and abuses consumers trust. Consumers are willing to pay more to buy products from a socially responsible company.8. What is the difference between corporate philanthropy and corporate responsibility to The community? Which do you think is better? Why? Corporate philanthropy is all the donations a business has made to nonprofit groups including money, products, and employee time. As where corporate responsibility is business contributions to the community through the actions of the business itself rather than donations of money and time. I think corporate re sponsibility is better because the company is taking action itself to contribute to the community, rather than just throwing money at the problem. It shows more heart, and more effort, and more commitment to the community.9. Define sustainable cultivation. What are 3 examples of successful companies that have pursued sustainable development programs? Sustainable development is doing business to meet the needs of the up-to-the-minute generation, without harming the ability of future generations to meet their needs. McDonalds (recycling cooking oil and cardboard), Dell (going fully carbon neutral), and Pepsi (cutting emissions from fertilizer) are three examples of successful companies that have pursued sustainable development programs.10. How can domestic companies that outsource manufacturing to foreign factories ensure that their vendors adhere to ethical standards? Companies can bring together their own values with the laws of both the United States, and their emcee countries. Most socially responsible companies establish codes of conduct for their vendors setting clear policies for human rights, wages, safety, and environmental impact. Codes of conduct work best with monitoring, enforcement, and the commitment to finding solutions that work for all parties involved.

Meaning of Life and Language

Written appellation 1 Language connect undertakings Submit __/__/_____ distance mingled with 800 and 1000 words obtain To organize your ability to look at spoken communication (structure, functional language and vocabulary) from the students point of view to enable you to coiffe thoroughly for language littleons. You should make workout of grammar reference books or course books and a monolingual dictionary. Bullet points may be utilize in this assignment. childbed From the box below, select one item from each pair to analyse, and a) Analyse meaning Give a capable definition ( assign for level) of what the item means centering only on the meaning usanced in the statement. ) Analyse corpse and label the parts (using terminology) * Structure statement/negative/question forms (if applicable) make current its clear which words mickle be substituted and which argon set in stone. * Vocabulary label the item e. g. adjective, phrasal verb etc irregular former(prenomin al) forms, common collocations, etc. * Functional Language show which parts are set in stone and which parts can be changed e. g.? Would you mind + verb+ing (present participle) + objective? c) Highlight key pronunciation features. Use phonemic script where useful. * word or sentence stress, * weak forms, inflection, * colligate between sounds, contractions, lost sounds, etc. d) ring problems infer near what problems students might comport with the features you listed above. a) What aspects of the meaning might be difficult for students to grasp? Are thither other words/structure that distill something similar? Does the structure exist in students L1? b) What form-related mistakes might students make when trying to use the item? c) What problems might sts direct with particular sounds, word stress or other pronunciation issues? Use your common sense as well as reference sources. ) Imagine your students are non familiar with each language item. Describe a context that wou ld help add its meaning so that you could elicit the tar beat back statement. f) accede how you would check students understanding of the language item. Write the fantasy questions you would ask and provide the answers. If a timeline is appropriate, you should in any case include this. You can include other ways of checking too, if you wish. g) State which reference book(s) or other source(s) you used to moderate the above breeding. - Choose ONE example from each pair.The tar recover language has been underlined. - 1. - Im meeting Dave for lunch on Sunday. (elementary) 2. - If I get the job, Ill need a new car. (elementary) - 3. - He shouldnt have insulted the policeman (upper-intermediate) 4. -She might have left already. (upper-intermediate) - 5. - He takes after his mother. (pre-intermediate) 6. - She is very sensitive to criticism. (pre-intermediate) - 7. -How closely watching a movie on Friday? (elementary) 8. - Do you mind if I open the window? (elementary) - 9. - I would like to try the tropical fruit/fruits on the island. 10. - You want teens to have committed academic lives? Get real WORKED EXAMPLE VOCABULARY Target statement Johns borrowed $200 from Holly. Intermediate) Analysis d) judge Problems a) Meaningto receive and use something that belongs to someone else, and promise to give it back to them later * Sts use lend quite of borrow b) Form * to borrow (transitive verb regular) * borrowed past wide/past participle * To borrow + something (object) + from (preposition) + somebody/something * Sts use incorrect preposition i. e. to borrow sthg to so. c) Pronunciation * stress on 1st syllable borrow /b? r / * quiet w at end * past simple & particle ed is pronounced /d/ * preposition from is weak e. g. /fr? / * sts pronounce silent w at end * incorrect pron of ed /id/ * sts stress 2nd syllable e) Providing a context/ impartation meaning Tell story about my friend John who is everlastingly short of money but who always wants the late st technical objects e. g. mobile, computer, etc. John saw this new DVD recordable player but didnt have the money so he asked if Holly, his girlfriend, would give him $200. He promised to pay Holly back at the end of the month when he got paid. She said OK so .. (write on whiteboard) John .. $200 . Holly. f) Checking understanding Did Holly give John $200? Yes What for? To buy a new DVD recorder.Is the money a present from Holly? No result she get her money back? Yes, hopefully g) References Macmillan English Dictionary, Macmillan Publishers Ltd. 2003 Practical English Usage, Michael Swan (OUP, 1980) WORKED EXAMPLE STRUCTURE Target statement I used to do workout regularly. (intermediate) Analysis d) Anticpated problems a) MeaningTo say what was true or what happened regularly in the past, especially when you want to emphasize that this is not true or does not happen now. * Sts might think it refers to present habits, perhaps due to confusion with be + used to + verb+ing. * Sts m ay use it for single past events e. . I used to go to the cinema yesterday. * Possible confusion with the lexical verb use. b) Form * statement subj. + used to + verb (bare infinitive)+ * negative subj. + didnt use to + verb (bare infinitive)+ * question Did (auxiliary verb) + subj. + use to + verb (bare infinitive) + * Sts may use past form of second verb, (I used to did exercise ) * Sts may forget to (I used do ) * Ss may use used instead of use in negative and question forms. (I did/didnt used to .. ) c) Pronunciation * stress would normally fall on used and 2nd verb i. e. I used to do exercise regularly * weak form of to sed /t? / * connected speech used to /just? / * Ss might say /juzd tu/ i. e. stress /d/ in used Ss might not use weak form of to /tu/ instead of /t? / e) Providing a context/conveying meaning Tell an anecdote about myself as a 16 year-old. I went footrace every morning and often went to the gym in the evening (use pictures/mime, if demand). Then I stopped run ning and stopped going to the gym when I was about 25. Im now 30 and I dont do much exercise at all. So, I (try to elicit the target phrase) used to do exercise regularly. f) Checking Understanding Did I exercise in the past?Yes Did I do it once, or often? Often Do I exercise now? No bottom of the inning you think of something you used to do but dont do now? g) Reference Practical English Usage, Michael Swan (OUP, 1980) Macmillan English Dictionary, Macmillan Publishers Ltd. 2003 WORKED EXAMPLE FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE Target statement Would you mind acquiring me a cheese sandwich? (intermediate) Analysis d) Anticipated Problems a) Meaning * to request politely that someone do something for you. * Often used with slightly bigger requests or more distance in relationship between the speakers. * Answer Yes = no and no = yes. * Sts might not realise there are other slight complex ways to ask for things politely * Sts get the answer yes/no wrong * This structure suggests a bigger reques t or a less personal relationship between speakers. b) Form * Would you mind + verb+ing (present participle) + object? * Short answer Yes/No, subj. + would/wouldnt * Sts use infinitive instead of present participle e. g. Would you mind to get me ? * Sts use Do instead of would * Use Yes/No, I mind/dont mind as the short answer c) Pronunciation * Rising intonation * Stress on mind and getting * Weak form of would and you / w? / /j? / * Linking of would + you + mind /w? dj? ma? n/ * Sts say it forcefully or with flat intonation and it could sound impolite * Sts give equal stress to would+you+mind and dont link e) Providing a context/conveying meaning Jane has just started working for a new company. One of her new colleagues is going out to the local supermarket and asks her if she wants her to get her something for lunch. Jane is really hungry and ask her to get her a sandwich. What does she say? (Try to elicit Would you mind getting me a cheese sandwich? ) f) Checking Understanding Does Jane want a cheese sandwich?Yes Is she asking or demanding her colleague to get her a sandwich? Asking Is she polite? Yes Do you know another way to ask her to get a sandwich? Can/Could/Would you get me a .? g) Reference Practical English Usage, Michael Swan (OUP, 1980) Macmillan English Dictionary, Macmillan Publishers Ltd. 2003 Written Assignment 1 Language related tasks aloofness Between 800 and 1000 words - Name examine - Please submit this cover planing machine with your assignment Pass(first draft) Pass(second draft) FailAssignment 1 Language related tasks If necessary, please resubmit bySee reverse side for resubmission details. - Assignment criteria - For this assignment, candidates can demonstrate their learning by a. - Analysing language correctly for teaching purposes. b. - flop using terminology relating to form, meaning and phonology when analysing language. c. -Accessing reference materials and referencing information they have learned about language to an appropriate source. d. - Using written language that is clear, veracious and appropriate to the task. - Reference CELTA Syllabus and assessment Guidelines What are we looking for for? An assignment that shows an ability to You Overall a. Clarify the meaning of language appropriate for level. b. Clarify the form of language, using appropriate terminology. c. Clarify key pronunciation features of language. d. Identify potential problems with meaning, form and pronunciation. e. Provide a clear and appropriate context to help convey the meaning. f. Check the students understanding of the target language appropriately. g. Use reference books to analyse language and acknowledge these sources. Also the assignment Is complete, i. e. answers all sections, and adheres to the word limit. Uses language which is clear and consistent, and basically free of mistakes in spelling, punctuation and grammar. Is presented clearly. Overall Comments 1st drills signature Date - 2nd Tutors signatureDate - Circle This is my 1st submission. This is my 2nd submission. Written Assignment 2 Focus on the learner Submit __/__/____ Length Between 800 and 1000 words Aim To develop your ability to assess the needs of a company of learners, and to act on this information by finding appropriate material for language support. lying-in Prepare a case study of your TP group. Your report should include (250-300 words) . Information about the students backgrounds (approximate ages, nationalities, reasons for learning English, previous English learning regard) b. The students learning styles (what they like/ abominate in lessons, the things they find easy/difficult, how they like to learn) c. What YOU have noticed in their classroom behaviour (degree of participation, quantity or output in different stages of the lesson, smoothness/accuracy of output, similarity of level amongst the group) - Points a, b and c of the assignment should take the form of a REPORT.You should use a formal style of language. Make use of headings and sub-headings, paragraphs, linking words, etc to organise your work. d. A paragraph (150-200) words summarising your TP students main strengths in grammatical and phonological areas as well as in receptive skills. e. Identify 2 areas of helplessness in your students grammar, 1 in pronunciation and 1 in vocabulary, providing at least one example to support your observation. State why you think the students made this error and what the correct form should be. (250300 words) Point e can be put into boxes and bullet points can be used.Remember to include limited examples. Grammatical Weaknesses Incorrect word order * I work in any case on Saturdays (I also work) * I went often home (home by bus)Reason In German, the verb is unremarkably the second idea in the sentence and students have transferred this rule to English. f. Select 2 particular proposition language focused activities (100-200 words) from published material s (not your course book) to focus on areas of weakness you identified * 1 exercise/task focusing on grammatical areas of weakness AND * 1 exercise/task on phonological areas of weakness OR 1 exercise/task on the lexical weakness. For EACH activity ) state the aim of the activity (i. e. by the end of this task, students should be get around able to accurately use/discriminate between ) 2) state briefly why you think the activity would be suitable for your students. (Remember to link this to your weaknesses and your profile of the students. ) 3) State where it comes from (Book, Author, Pg no. , Exercise no. ) and attach a referenced a copy of the activity Collecting your data You will want to interview them so that you can note any good or weaker examples of language used. You might want to tape the interview so that you can reveal language later.You could also get students to write something for you spontaneously e. g. a letter to a friend inviting them to spend the summer with th em. You could also give them a reading and listening to do. You can further make use of the time before lessons start or during the breaks to chat to your students and find out the information you need. You should continue to make notes during TP classes. It is not necessary for you to personally interview all members of the class you can interview 2 or 3 students and then share your findings with the other teachers in your TP group.You can also make generalisations on the basis of 2 or 3 students. Suggesting specialized language focused activities There are an abundance of activities in different books and on the publishers websites too. Attach photocopies of the relevant exercises that you would recommend. Dont forget to reference your material, i. e. book name, level (if applicable), author, publisher, and page number, or website name and date accessed on. - The students as people and as language learners. -These questions could be asked in an interview or informal chat 1. - How long has s/he been learning English? 2. - Does s/he like learning English? 3. - What is her/his mother tongue? Is English second/third language? 4. - Does s/he have any last of learning another language? 5. - Does s/he have any specific aims in learning English? (e. g. isit to UK/need it for work) 6. - What does the learner do for a living? 7. - Is this their first English learning experience? Have they learnt English before? Where? How long? 8. - In their previous learning experience, what kinds of methods were used? 9. - What did they enjoy/not like about their previous learning? 10. - What do they like doing in class? 11. Which areas of their English do they feel they need work on? 12. - What do they find easy/difficult to do in class? - - These questions can be focussed on during TP 1. - What kinds of activities do they seem to prefer? 2. - Are there any activities they seem to dislike? 3. -How do they react to working with others in class? 4. - Do they contribute to pair/gro up work? 5. - Who are the stronger/weaker members of the group? 6. - Note d admit examples of good language used. 7. - Which topics do they seem to enjoy/not like talking about? 8. - Note down any pronunciation/grammatical/lexical errors the students make? e. g. sounds, stress, intonation, verb tenses, articles, word order, etc) so that you can give examples. 9. - Observe the students listening and reading abilities. Are they better at gist or specific reading/listening? Is it necessary to pre-teach vocabulary? Do they worry about words they dont know? Do you have to clan your language when you talk to them? Do you have to paraphrase if they dont understand? * In the assignment, dont mention sts names. Say e. g. Some are interested in Three students want to learn EnglishThe main reason for learning English is Written Assignment 2 Focus on the learner Submit __/__/____ Length Between 800 and 1000 words - NameDate Please submit this cover sheet with your assignment Pass(first draft) Pass(second draft) Fail Assignment 2Focus on the learner If necessary, please resubmit by - Assignment Criteria - For this assignment, candidates can demonstrate their learning by - ) Showing awareness of how learners backgrounds, previous learning experience and learning styles affect learning. - b) Identifying the learners language/skills needs. - c) Correctly using terminology relating to the description of language systems and language skills - d) Selecting appropriate material and/or resources to aid the learners language development. - e) Providing a rationale for using specific activities with learners. f) Finding, selecting and referencing information from one or more sources - g) Using written language that is clear, accurate and appropriate to task. - Reference CELTA Syllabus and Assessment Guidelines What are we looking for? An assignment that You Tutors Comments Provides information on the learners ages, nationalities and reasons for learning English. Provides in formation on students learning styles and preferences. Provides information on learners classroom behaviour. Summarises students strengths Identifies and gives specific examples of weaknesses in learners grammatical abilities. Plus error rationale. Identifies and gives specific examples of weaknesses in learners phonological abilities. Plus error rationale. Identifies and gives specific examples of weaknesses in the learners lexical use. Plus error rationale. Selects an appropriate activity to develop learners grammatical weakness. Selects an appropriate activity to develop learners phonological OR lexical weakness. States aim of each activity and provides rationale for choice found on learner profile. Also the assignment Is complete, i. e. answers all sections and adheres to word limit and is written as outlined Provides a referenced copy of the activities Uses clear and coherent language and is essentially free of mistakes in spelling, punctuation and grammar. - Overall Comment- - - - 1st Tutors signatureDate - 2nd Tutors signatureDate - Circle This is my 1st submission. This is my 2nd submission. ASSIGNMENT 3 Skills Related Task Submit __/__/____ Length Between 800 and 1000 words (not including the authorized material for classroom use and activities) Aim To develop your ability to look at authentic materials from a teaching perspective to enable you to prepare these thoroughly for language lessons.TASK Choose an authentic text of between 200 and 700 words AND a) Give an opinion on text and discuss suitability for lower/higher(prenominal) level students. b) Identifiy barriers to reading OR listening in general and link to own students c) Provide suggestion for interest raising task d) Select appropriate vocabulary to pre-teach and suggest a pre-teach task e) Describe what each sub-skill means (from background reading) f) Design a skim task g) Design a inspect task h) Design a recapitulation task that includes SPEAKIN G or WRITING. i) Devise a freer productive (speaking or writing) activity as a follow-up for the reading or listening.ALSO Clarify the reasons for using the material and each of the activities. Tasks (and their respective keys) must be included as appendixes to the assignment Remember, the assignment is NOT a Lesson Plan, but rather an informed description (What will be done, How and Why) of your choices in terms of text, tasks and their sequences. It can be used as a basis for a full lesson plan, but this NEED not be included in the assignment ASSIGNMENT 3 Skills Related Task Submit __/__/____ Length Between 800 and 1000 words - NameDate Please submit this cover sheet with your assignment Pass(first draft) Pass(second draft) Fail Assignment 3Skills assignment If necessary, please resubmit bySee reverse for resubmission details. - Assignment Criteria - For this assignment, candidates can demonstrate their learning by a. - Correctly using terminology that relates to language sk ills and sub-skills. b. -Relating task design to language skills example. c. - Finding, selecting and referencing information from one or more sources d. - Using written language that is clear, accurate and appropriate to task. - Reference CELTA Syllabus and Assessment Guidelines What are we looking for? You Tutors Comments Gives an opinion on text and discusses suitability for lower/higher level students Provides suggestion for interest raising task Selects appropriate vocabulary to pre-teach and suggests a pre-teach task Describes what each sub-skill means (from background reading) Designs a skim task Designs a scan task Identifies barriers to reading OR listening in general and links to own students States overall aim of speaking OR writing task clearly. Also the assignment Is complete, i. e. answers all sections, & adheres to the word limit. Provides a referenced copy of practice tasks if not designed independently. Uses clear and coherent language, wh ich is essentially free of mistakes in spelling, punctuation and grammar. Is written in continuous prose (where appropriate) Includes references to background reading. Overall Comments - 1st Tutors signatureDate - 2nd Tutors signatureDate - Circle This is my 1st submission. This is my 2nd submission. Written Assignment 4 Lessons from the classroom Submit __/__/____ Length 800 words AIM This assignment assesses your ability to identify strengths & weaknesses in your own teaching and your development needs.It is meant to help you reflect on your own teaching and on what you have learnt from the observation of others. TASK Write a report using the following headings. Section 1 What strengths and weaknesses (name two of each) do you identify in your own teaching? For this section reflect on the feedback you have received from learners, your peers and tutors and give concrete examples from your own teaching. Section 2 Discuss what you have gained from observing experience teacher s (including video observations) and your peers and how this has influenced your own teaching. Section 3Identify three ELT areas of knowledge and skills which you need further development in and give reasons for your choice. Describe specifically how you could develop in these areas after the course. Written Assignment 4 Lessons from the Classroom Submit __/__/____ Length 800 words - NameDate - Please submit this cover sheet with your assignment Pass(first draft) Pass(second draft) Fail Assignment 4Lessons from the classroom If necessary, please resubmit bySee reverse side for resubmission details. - Assignment Criteria - For this assignment, candidates can demonstrate their learning by a. - Noting their own teaching strengths and weaknesses in different situation in light of feedback from learners, teachers and teacher educators. b. - Identifying which ELT areas of knowledge and skills they need further development in. c. -Describing in a specific way how they might develop the ir ELT knowledge and skills beyond the course. d. - Using written language that is clear, accurate and appropriate to the task. - Reference CELTA Syllabus and Assessment Guidelines What are we looking for? An assignment that Tutors Comments Identifies 2 strengths in your teaching. Provides concrete examples of strengths from your own teaching. Identifies 2 weaknesses in your teaching. Provides concrete examples of weaknesses from your own teaching. Reflects on what you have learnt from observing peers and experienced teachers. Highlights 3 areas for further development. Provides reasons for areas chosen. Provides concrete ways to address these development needs after the course. Also the assignment Is complete, i. e. answers all sections. Keeps to the word limit. Uses language which is clear and coherent, and essentially free of mistakes in spelling, punctuation and grammar. Is presented clearly. Makes use of headings and sub-headings Overall Comments

How to Develop Leadership Skills Essay

Malaysia is one of the countries that practice representative system. M any countries around the world practice democratic system such as United States, India, randomness Africa, Singapore, Australia, Canada, Japan and United Kingdom. In Democratic Style, (2008), the democratic drawing cardship style means encouraging people to share their ideas, and then collect all the useable information into the best possible decision. This loss leaders style consists of the leader sharing the decision-making with the group members. This style of leadership includes discussion and sharing of ideas and encouragement of people to witness costly about their involvement. The democratic leadership style is very open and collegial style of running a team. Leaders who practices democratic style give notice organize friendship effectively. To be a peachy leader, there are three ship canal to develop leadership skills in an organization through democratic style such as a leader should practice pos itive attitude, listen to other peoples opinions and always motivate the subordinates.Firstly, a leader should practice positive attitude in the workplace. According to Robert & Christopher (2007), there are some positive attitudes that someone should practice as a leader. For example, he has to puzzle an open mind. As an example, he would not easily punish the employees for their mistakes until he knows the reason. To explain more, one staff who comes late due to emergency care would not be punished. Therefore, a good leader should investigate first before make a decision. Another point is a good leader should in addition have a wisdom and confidence. Thus, he bottom make a good decision to lead the organization without doubts. For example, he must select which grammatical case of investment the company should choose. Therefore, he must be confidence to make this important decision to ensure the companys success. In addition, a good leader should be a positive role model to sub ordinates. in any event, a leader as a role model in an organization can affect the attitude and give a positive impact to subordinates. The subordinates testament follow the attitude that their leader shows to them.Secondly, in 3Cs of Exemplary Leadership, (2012), a leader should listen to other peoples opinions because it is one of the criteria of a democratic leadership. In that case, a thoughtful leader should listen and accept the opinions of subordinates in tack to share ideas. When the leader listens to employees opinion, they leave appreciate more and feel like they are parts of team. In this way, a leader would gain more keep by subordinates. A good leader should not ignore and must respect the subordinates ideas because they will be hurt and think a leader is selfless.In addition, a leader should accept the opinions from subordinates and evaluate it with the committee members. In that case, having a committee member is important in order to make justful decision. This can be done through an evaluation form, suggestion box, and doing informal meeting every week. Moreover, a leader should not be too sensitive and he demand not only to listen to other peoples ideas but also their complaints. Therefore, a problem may be solved through their complaints. He must not be emotional instead he should be wise to make a decision. Therefore, to be democratic leaders, they must to accept any opinion of subordinates to improve their leadership skills.Finally, to be a good motivator through the democratic style, a leader should motivate the subordinates. All employees must be motivated to work for a company or organization in doing daily tasks. If no motivation is present in an employee, their quality of work will deteriorate. According to Robert & Christopher (2007), a leader should provide motivation to encourage the subordinates to get into action. For example, a leader has to act professionally to help employees complete the task wedded by carefully organi ze and sequence the components of each task to be assigned for employees.One main responsibility in educating employees is to make instructions as clear and precise as possible. A leader should not get angry easily because employees need to train. Therefore, a leader must understand employees situation. Besides that, a good leader should reward their subordinates for their outstanding performances for they may establish certain reward. Rewards can be in the form of token or gift, be one-time bonuses or pay increments. In this way, employees will be appreciated and feel more motivated to work emend. So, if good leaders want their employees to be good in all work, they must motivate their employees to achieve organizational excellence through the democratic leadership style.In conclusion, democratic style is one of the ways for an organization to succeed. The democratic style will enable the leader to maintain relationship with the subordinates. This leadership style is one of the mo st effective and it has created advanced productivity, better contributions from subordinates and boost group morale (Woods, 2010). It can also lead to betters ideas and creative solutions to certain problems. The democratic style train all staff in the company to communicate with each other, play a part and participate in the groups discussion chaired by the leader. In short, a leader will be more responsible to perform his duty and lead the organization to succeed in the future through democratic style.ReferenceCherry, Kendra. (Ed.). (n.d.).What is democratic leadership?.Retrieved August 1, 2012, fromhttp//psychology.about.com/od/leadership/f/democratic-leadership.htmGill, Roger. (2006). Theory and practice of leadership. London SAGE Publications Ltd.Leadership styles democratic leadership style. (n.d.). Retrieved August 1, 2012, fromhttp//www.leadership-toolbox.com/democratic-leadership-style.htmlLussier, N. Robert, &Achua, F. Christopher. (2007). Effective leadership. United Sta tes South-Western. novelty Academy.(n.d.).3 Cs of exemplary leadership (even if youre not the boss).Retrieved August 1, 2012, from http//www.transformationacademy.com/?p=1651

Ingvar Kampradi: Wealthy Man, Frugal Man, Entrepreneur Extraordinair

Introduction Ingvar Kamprad, Swedish born citizen and founder and former CEO of Ingvar Kamprad Elmtaryd and Agunnaryd or break in known as IKEA. Kamprad created a one of a kind piece of furniture familiarity that has become the largest furniture store in the world. The uniqueness is because they caller-up specializes in e reallything being able to be broken downwards and shipped, from furniture to the now famous mobile kitchens- could be packed in flat, stackable boxes (Nelson and Quick, 2011-438). His musical mode of running the company is based on creative thinking, hard turn and being frugal in his own life as well as the appearance he runs his company.So frugal that when employees travel they must share hotel rooms, a policy not carried in any major company. The philosophies that he has developed for IKEA are distinctive and have provided a successful way of being very profitable. Kamprads leadership characteristics have made him a very wealthy entrepreneur and admirable person but with a dark departed. A past that he does not deny but states that he has learned from this and according to some has a message to get by to other that carries great wisdom. Issues Addressed Kamprads company IKEA has been on the rise along with that his personal problems as well increased.Alcoholism, his history of Nazi affiliation, and store openings where people died were his biggest problems. Even during his personal problems he never failed to provide creativity for IKEA and to make sure the company was on the right track. He always found a way to lead his company in the direction to be successful despite his personal life. His appreciation for what it takes to be successful and the knowledge that he realizes there are no guarantees to economic success tomorrow isolated from hard work (Nelson and Quick, 2011-438). Answering the Questions 1. Kamprad is the manager of IKEA, duration he is not the CEO he windlessness continues to run the company. He is always tryi ng to create any new ideas, and develop philosophies to make the company better for their customers and employees. Kamprad is a leader because he does not sit around pointing fingers and collecting money, but he is step to the fore there working to make IKEA a better company every chance he can. Continuing his innovative struggles so the company can be ne of a kind and issue to the people and through all his personal problems and personal achievements the company was always placed at the whirligig of the list he likes to say that IKEA is his fourth child (Nelson and Quick, 2011-438). 2. Kamprad encouraged a level of followership that has made IKEA a unique company. This followership that he created makes people wish to work for IKEA and create new ideas. His philosophies are exceptional and out of the box his claims of we dare to do it a different way (Nelson and Quick, 2011-438) Kamprad says about IKEA.The way he created IKEA and the way he makes sure the company draws peopl e into being involved. People not only want to betray at his stores, but they want to be a part of the company anyway they can. 3. Kamprad does not want his employees to be sheep or yes men but effective active followers that are independent critical thinkers. Some of Kamprads leadership characteristics are directive, supportive, participative and achievement oriented (Nelson and Quick, 2011- 413). According to the leadership grid Kamprad is darksome in the 9, 1 quadrant which is Authority-Compliance management efficiency in operations results from arranging conditions of work in such a way that human elements interfere to a minimum degree (Nelson and Quick, 2011- 409). 4. Leadership of Kamprad Transactional uses effort for reward because how much effort employees put into the company, means how much reward they or the company pass on receive. Transformational motivates his people to work for the prosperity of the company and not just for themselves. His vision about IKEA hel ps bond his followers/ employees to IKEA. He is charismatic focusing on creating a message with his philosophies and connecting with his followers emotionally. Authentic role good example towards the people due to his developing ingenuity and philosophies. 5. Key leadership lessons that can be observed by Kamprads experiences a. Creativity & uniqueness b. Hard manual work c. Work hard but work smart d. Delegate less and get more(prenominal) involved, do not be afraid to be different, and listen to my people. Conclusions Ingvar Kamprad developed very young starting his business selling matches and cards from his bicycle and ulterior expanding his business to elling fish, Christmas decorations and pens and pencils. This small town boy from went on to build a company from a cash in reward given to him by his father for doing well in academics, Ingvar Kamprad built a company that generated more than $33 billion in revenue and nearly $4 billion in net income in 2011 (http//topics. bloomberg. com/ingvar-kamprad/). He was known as a very frugal man that had a dark past but he learned from his past explaining that his Nazi affiliations where the greatest mistake of his life. He said this because while he was not proud of being affiliated with this organization he learned a kettle of fish from being part of it.He learned to not waist anything, do not take money for given and keep in common the one thing all rich people have which is to retire from beneath your means. ? References Bloomberg. Bloomber. com, http//topics. bloomberg. com/ingvar-kamprad/ Global Business leaders. http//www. globalbusinessleaders. org/WebPage/LeaderBio. aspx? leaderCd=l005&levelcd=c03r045 Nelson, D. & Campbell-Quick, J. , (2011). Organizational Behavior Science, the Real World and You. (7th ed. ). Canada South-Western Cengage Learning. Pace, Joe. The Workplace Today and Tomorrow. The pro Development Series, Book One.

Victorian Era Consciousness

How would you describe the consciousness of the Victorian suppurate? Think about their perception of their place in the world. The consciousness of hostel in the Victorian fester is an interesting factor that greatly changed and evolved during the time period. The eras beginning and end is marked by the birth and death of the reigning monarch of the time, Queen Victoria, spanning from 1837 to the early 1900s.With the effects of the Industrial Revolution understandably felt by all classes within society, it was a time of significant social reformation and drastic change in all aspects of life, and in short was a diverse and complex though staggeringly exciting period for those who were living in it. As a result of such rapid growth, blowup and change, it is only natural that thither was widespread excitement and perhaps apprehension at the same time.A tonic world was being created away from the manual driven labour of the old, and one of steam cause and coal was emerging, of ur banisation and industrialisation. This constantly transforming and thriving world to the people at the time mustve been raise and thrilling, as they gained a realisation that all aspects of their lives were becoming influenced in some way or former(a) by the increasingly advanced technologies and innovation.As a result, there was a great influx of nation from the countryside to the city, with the realisation that there was a quickly approaching transition away from an agricultural-based economy towards machine-based manufacturing. However there mustve been a great deal of anxiety and people may well have been on the alert towards the great changes that were happening around them. There wouldve been a growing revolutionary consciousness as society had to perceive the world in a different way than they previously had in order to detainment up with the times. As one tiny pebble when impel into a pond causes consequent ripples to spread throughout the surface, the Victorian Age wa s like a pond where a great many an(prenominal) pebbles were being thrown into. As a result, their way of thinking and apprehending the constantly developing world around them had to be open-minded in the sense that they had to be prepared for more surprises. They had to become receptive to things previously thought unrealistic or perhaps not even imagined at all which came to life- it was supposed to be a new Golden Age and indeed it was.However, the Victorian Age also had its dark side- the side of child labour, ravage unemployment, opium and prostitution. Nothing was certain anymore and with the modernism movement arising towards the end of the 19th century, people began to question many values and concepts that had before been unarguably taken for granted and accepted within society. With the rejection of established patterns of thought, a new consciousness arose where old traditions and customs were critically examined and people realised they had more freedom of thought tha n ever.

Philosophy Questions Essay

Who is accept as the beginning as the first speculative philosopher? The first man that reflected was regarded as the first speculative philosopher.What is the death date of Socrates? Socrates Died in the year 399 B. CWho were relativists and the paid t apieceers of rhetoric?The Sophists were the first paid teachers of rhetoric. The relativists be those who believed that the criteria of judgment are not absolute but relative to those who believe in them.What is the rule check to which each things are accomplished and the law which is found in all(prenominal) things? Good, existence the highest unity.What word describes how cross (sensible) things relate to their Forms? SymbolismWhat is the Greek word meaning having its end within itself? entelecheiaWhat is the general term for either philosophy that says pleasure is good and pain is evil? HedonismWhat is the name for this argument for the existence of immortal that first occurs in Anselms (of Canterbury? Proslogion?What is the cause of suffering (dissatisfaction) to the Buddha? (Ignorance)All suffering is caused by ignorance of the nature of reality and the craving, attachment, and grasping that closure from such ignorance.Who began as Benedictine and ended as a Domini foundation?St. Catherine of SienaDEFINE/IDENTIFY THESE ground1) Critical thought. A system of thought characterised by careful evaluation and judgment. Critical thinking tends to buzz off the hidden meanings, and the implications of a particular purpose or subject. It is a deep state of reasoning that tends to diddle out sound judgment. Critical thinking is not just about finding flaws and fault, although this is what critical thinking tends to achieve at the end of the day.The process of utilising the power of the mind to make influences, make decisions or aim at a solution or judgments.2) Wisdom wisdom is acclaimed as the ability to utilize knowledge, experience, understanding, or even vernacular sense with insight. It is also the ability to apply knowledge or experience it can also be defined as accumulated knowledge. Prudence in the management and application of any information or knowledge can also be described as wisdom. It is the feature of being far-sighted and sagacious. The state of being wise. It is the ability of making a sound judgment based on the tramp of information available at ones disposal.3) Belief any cognitive content held as true. It can also be described as an idea into which a level of trust and self-reliance is placed. It can also mean a set of information held as true and into which a freshet of reverence and respect is invested.4) Ethnocentrism is the generalised touch that ones own ethnic group belief in the superiority of ones own ethnic group. This concept lends credence to peoples shared belief and values in the face of otherwise beliefs shared by people of other cultural backgrounds.Ethnocentrism contributes to the integrity of culture because it affirms peoples share d beliefs and values in the face of other, a great deal contradictory, beliefs and values held by people of other cultural backgrounds5) Moral relativism the concept that moral values enumerate on specific situations.This concept is of the view that honest moral relativism is the position that moral or ethical acts do not necessarily reflect the universally accepted moral truths. Rather, it makes claims that depend on dissimilar circumstances e.g. cultural, historical or personal situations. These moralists claim that there is no universally acceptable bill for accessing ethical propositions truth.6) The Divided Line The concept of the divided line was explained by Socrates. Socrates attempt to explain the nature of philosophy through the image of the Divided line. He used two realms, the unadorned and the visible. He used a line to divide the two realms, so that the two realms were separated from each other. he divided the two realms into two parts. The four divisions repre sent ascending causality, clarity, unity and eternality.The idea was to hand over to explain the intelligibility of the things of the visible world. The philosopher ruthlessly pursues Good. He seeks to understand it as the highest unity operating in, and behind all things.7) Sophrosyne Is a Greek word. Its literary meaning is moral sanity .This ideal was upheld by the Greeks. It means forethought and moderation. However, it possesses a more complex meaning its meaning cannot be completely comprehended in English. However, the concept can be substituted with two other phrases. Nothing in Excess and knowing thyself.In fresh Christian theology, the word means purity, integrity and virginity.8) StoicismStoicism is a drill of philosophy. It was founded in the ancient Greece. The stoic philosophy was developed from the Cynics. Stoicism was the most influential philosophy in the Roman Empire during the period preceding Christianity. The school is opposed to Epicureanism in its views of life. The stoics emphasised ethics as the chief(prenominal) field of knowledge. Also, the stoics contributed to the development of logic and natural sciences to support their ethical doctrines. The principle proclaimed by in the first place cynics was the foundation of the stoic ethics. Stoicism is broad-based. Stoics were at the forefront of advocating for the brotherhood of humanity and the natural equality of all human beings.9) Values values can be described as qualities that can be considered meritorious of emulation and that are desirable. It can also be described as the beliefs of a person or a group of people which have a sort of emotional bond. They have a common goal, either in favour of, or against something.10) Scholasticism scholasticism is a theological and philosophic movement. This school of thought was dominant in medieval Europe. It was based on Aristotle and the Fathers of the Church. The movement attempted to understand the sorcerous capacity of the Christ ian revelation using natural human reason. The movement attempted to incorporate twain the natural wisdom of Greece and Rome and the religious wisdom of Christianity. These scholastics believed that revelation was a direct teaching from God and it possessed a high degree of truth and has a higher superiority than natural reason.Among noted scholastic philosophers were Anselm the French philosopher, Peter Abelard and St. Bonaventure.